Kansas

Zdenko Bergl, an only child, grew up in Zabno, Croatia, a small town with only five Jewish families. Zdenko played soccer, attended public school, and had Hebrew lessons on Sunday. The Bergls enjoyed warm relationships with their non-Jewish employees and neighbors and experienced very little overt antisemitism. However, in April 1941, the Germans occupied Croatia and his father was arrested. After family connections enabled him to be released, the family fled to Italy, where a priest helped them obtain forged papers and they spent the rest of the war passing as non-Jews until their liberation in August 1944. They lived in the Cinecittá displaced persons camp until their immigration to the United States. In 1949, Zdenko married Evelyn Arzt, whom he had met in Cinecittá.

Felicia Sussman was born in 1922 in Vienna, Austria. She enjoyed a comfortable life as the only child of her parents with a large extended family. Shortly after the annexation of Austria in March 1938, Felicia’s father was warned of his impending arrest and was able to flee to Prague. Felicia and her mother followed a few months later, making their way across the war-torn Sudetenland to be reunited. After a short time in Czechoslovakia the family was again separated with Felicia and her then pregnant mother fleeing to Italy while her father fled east into Poland, only to be later killed in Treblinka. Felicia’s mother eventually emigrated to England where she gave birth to a son and was imprisoned in an English interment camp as a foreign national. Felicia made her way to Portugal on false documents, eventually making her way to Ecuador where she met and married her husband, Victor Brill. The Brills emigrated to the United States in 1951.

Frank Adler was born Franz Julius Schwarzadler, in 1923 in Frankfurt, Germany. As the only child in an affluent family Frank enjoyed many cultural activities and a rich Jewish and secular education. Following the Nazi rise to power in 1933, Frank witnessed the early persecution of the Jews and remembers being beaten on the school playground for being Jewish. When Jewish children were barred from public schools in 1934, he attended a Jewish school founded by the Rothschilds and joined a Zionist youth group. Frank’s mother recognized the danger to the Jewish community and began working to secure affidavits for the family to emigrate from Germany.

With the help of a family friend they were able to secure paperwork for Frank to immigrate temporarily to England to attend school shortly after Kristallnacht. In 1940 his quota number to immigrate to the United States came up and Frank traveled alone to New York and then to Chicago where he joined his cousin’s family until his parents could join him. The family settled into life in America and Frank later served in the United States Army as a chaplain. Frank married his wife Lois in 1950 and the couple made Kansas City their home in 1953.

Gustave Eisemann, was born in 1926 in Halberstadt, Germany. He lived comfortably with his parents and sisters in Berlin, where they frequented the opera, theater, and museums and where Gustave attended a Modern Orthodox Jewish day school. After Hitler came to power in 1933, he saw Hitler Youth and antisemitic newspapers in the street and his parents became increasingly aware that they were not accepted. As it became increasingly difficult for his father to conduct business with non-Jewish businessmen, the family prepared paperwork to leave Germany, receiving affidavits of support from relatives in the United States. In the spring of 1938, the Eisemanns left Germany, settling in Kansas City, where Gustave entered the seventh grade. Gustave completed his education, including being admitted as one of the first Jewish residents at the University of Kansas School of Medicine. He met his wife Elinor during a fellowship in hematology at Boston’s New England Medical Center.

Ilsa Dahl grew up in Geilenkirchen, Germany where her family had lived for generations. They were observant Jews and patriotic Germans, and Ilsa’s father had served in the German army during World War I. Of the town’s 4000 inhabitants, most were Roman Catholics, with whom the family enjoyed friendly relations. Ilsa had hoped to be an archeologist, but the Nazis thwarted her hopes for higher education, so she studied dressmaking, first in Aachen and then in Berlin, where she met her future husband. Ilsa, who already had an American visa, left Germany days after Kristallnacht, but her parents and most of her extended family were killed in camps. 

She discusses joining family in Kansas City, working in the garment industry, her family and social life, and other topics.

Interview with Agapito Juan Maya about his his life and work. He discusses his roots in the Otomi Indians of central Mexico, his father's immigration to Iowa and later Kansas City following railroad work, and being kidnapped by his father when his mother refused to leave for the United States. He also recalls his school experiences in Iowa, helping and translating for other Mexican immigrants, working as a railroad electrician in Illinois, moving to the Kansas City area in the early 1950s, and working in Mexico as a retiree in the 1970s. He also shares information about his family, his interests, and his travles.

Interview with retired newspaper proofreader and typesetter Agustin Rocha about his life. Born in 1912, Rocha recalls his early life in Texas and Illinois, his father's railroad work, moving to Iowa to work beet harvests, his education, and working for the Belmond (Iowa) Independent newspaper setting linotype. He also discusses moving to Kansas City circa 1940, working as a linotype operator as a drafted soldier in World War II, suffering a concussion at D-Day, and returning home to work for the Kansas City Star and Kansas City Kansan. He also shares memories of the 1951 Flood, participating in organizations including the American Legion, and his marriage and family.

Interview with World War II army veteran Albert Jones. Jones discusses being drafted into the army in 1943, joining the 10th Calvary, serving in North Africa and Italy during the war, and building bridges and maintaining supply lines. He also discusses the history of the 10th Calvary and the Buffalo Soldiers and conventions honoring that history.

Interview with Ann Brownfield about her experience as a designer Kansas City and other Midwestern cities. She recalls her start designing shoes in St. Louis, later teaching pattern-making in Grand Island, Nebraska, and working in sportswear, coat, and suit design at Brand and Puritz after moving to Kansas City in 1960. She describes opening her own factory in Kansas City, Kansas, designing and sewing small collections for a variety of clients, including making warm-up suits for the 1972 US Olympic ski team; and her later closure due to the decline of skilled sewing machine operators. She also discusses the decline of the local industry, manufacturing moving overseas, and later working in retail, giving tours of the old garment district, and beginning to collect clothing and other items from local manufacturers.

Interview with Arthur Brand about the history of the Jewish community and his family in the Kansas City area. He describes that he and his extended family came to Kansas City from New York City in June 1928, starting Brand and Puritz garment company, and the development and decline of Kansas City's garment industry from the 1930s through the 1970s. He also discusses at length the evolution of the Jewish community from its beginning in the urban core to its eventual shift south Kansas City and later to Johnson County; issues such as assimilation and intermarriage; and the development of institutions including Menorah Hospital, the Jewish Federation of Kansas City, Jewish Vocational Services, and Hyman Brand Hebrew Academy, named for his father; and his involvement with a Judaic Studies program at University of Missouri-Kansas City.